Amzi! Prolog User's Guide & Reference

Contents

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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Backtracking Search Prolog Execution Managing Memory: Backtrack Points Prolog Execution: Flow-of-Control bagof Prolog Execution: Complex Goals Compiler: Hidden Predicates Prolog Execution: bagof(Instance, Goal, List) BAT Binding Body Prolog Execution: Clauses Prolog Database: clause(Head, Body) Prolog Database: db_ref(Head, Body, Dbref) Box Model BUG.PLM Build Built-In Atoms Arithmetic: Built-in Atoms Prolog Terms: Built-in Atoms C

C++ call Debugger: Box Model Compiler: Hidden Predicates Prolog Execution: call(Goal) Cascade catch Debugging Your Programs: catch and throw Prolog Execution: catch(Goal, Catcher, Recover) and throw(Term) Change Browser Character Lists Prolog Terms Atoms, Lists and Strings: atom_codes(Atom, CharList) Atoms, Lists and Strings: name(Atom, CharList) chdir Extended Predicates: chdir(DirL) Extended Predicates: chdir(DirL, Err) clause Compiler: Disadvantages Prolog Database: clause(Head, Body) Clauses Listener: Adding and Removing Clauses Prolog Execution Compiler: Complex Clauses Debugger: Display Compiler: Dynamic Clauses in Compiled Code Listener: Listing Clauses Listener: Removing Clauses Prolog Database: abolish(Name / Arity), abolish(Name, Arity) Prolog Database: add , [user] Prolog Database: asserta(Term) Prolog Database: assertz(Term) Prolog Database: clause(Head, Body) Prolog Database: consult(FileA), consult([F1, F2, ...]), [F1, F2, ...] Prolog Database: listing, listing(Name), listing(Name / Arity) Prolog Database: reconsult(FileA), reconsult([F1, F2, ...]) Prolog Database: replace Runtime and Environment: replace Prolog Database: retractall(Term) Prolog Database: retract(Term) Close All IDE: File Menu IDE: Window Menu Close closelog Debugging Your Programs: Logging Debugger: Logging Input and Output cntr_dec cntr_get cntr_inc cntr_set Command-Line Listener: Consulting Files Listener: Executing main / 0 Listener: Other Command-Line Services Amzi! Runtime: Running A4RUN from the Command-Line Compiler: Running from the Command-Line Linker: Running from the Command-Line Listener: Running in the IDE command_line Comments compare compare_lists Compile Compiler Quick Overview Compiler Compiler: Running from the Command-Line Compiler: Running from the IDE Compiling Compiler: Advantages Compiler: Errors Compiler: Messages Quick Tutorial Compiler: Complex Clauses Compiler: Complex Predicates Compiler: Disadvantages Compiler: Dynamic Clauses in Compiled Code Quick Overview: Intermixing Interpreted and Compiled Code Compiler: Latent Expressions Compiler: Operators in Compiled Code Compiler: Requirements Complement Complex Goals Prolog Execution Prolog Execution: findall(Instance, Goal, List) Constants consult Listener: Loading Prolog Code Quick Tutorial: Modules Quick Tutorial: Running a Modular Application Prolog Database: add , [user] Prolog Database: consult(FileA), consult([F1, F2, ...]), [F1, F2, ...] Consulting User Consulting Projects: Consulting / Loading Listener: Consulting Files consult_project Control Managing Memory: Stacks and Database Space Runtime and Environment: pro_control(Top, Pos) Runtime and Environment: stack_sizes(Heap, Control, Local, Trail) Copy cos Counters cputime Arithmetic: Built-in Atoms Prolog Terms: Built-in Atoms Runtime and Environment: timer(Ticks) Creep Debugger: Box Model Debugger: Example Debugger: Debug Port Options curdir Current Streams current_atom current_prolog_flag current_streams Input and Output: Stream Management Input and Output: current_streams(Input_ID, Output_ID, Error_ID) current_user cut cut_tag D

Database References Prolog Terms Prolog Database: Keys date db_ref DCG dcg_terminal Debug Off Debug On debug Listener: Other Command-Line Services Runtime and Environment Debugger Quick Overview Debugger Runtime and Environment: debug Debugging Debugger: Example Debugging Your Programs: Debugger-Like Output Quick Tutorial Debugging Your Programs: Tracking LSAPI Errors Debugging Your Programs Debugging Your Programs: Logging Debugging Your Programs: catch and throw defined Delete delfile Delphi Depth destbuf Compiler: Errors Amzi! Runtime: INI Parameters Difference Lists Directories display Prolog Terms: Lists Input and Output: display(Term) Dissecting Terms Distributing Quick Tutorial: Distributing an Application Distributing Your Programs Distributing Your Programs: Redistributable Files Division Arithmetic: X / / Y Arithmetic: X / Y Arithmetic: X divs Y Arithmetic: X divu Y divs divu DLL Files Quick Overview Quick Overview: Dynamic Libraries Duck World Quick Tutorial: Compiling Quick Tutorial: Consulting a Source File Quick Tutorial: Creating a Source File Quick Tutorial: Debugging Quick Tutorial: Distributing an Application Quick Tutorial Quick Tutorial: Linking and Running Quick Tutorial: Modules Quick Tutorial: Running a Modular Application Quick Tutorial: Using A4LIS and BAT Files Quick Tutorial: Using Projects Quick Tutorial: Using the Listener Duplicates Dynamic Database Managing Memory Quick Overview: Intermixing Interpreted and Compiled Code Prolog Database: Keys Prolog Database: Modifying Prolog Database: Populating Prolog Database Managing Memory: Stacks and Database Space Runtime and Environment: pro_db(Allocated, Used) Dynamic Libraries dynamic Compiler: Dynamic Clauses in Compiled Code Quick Tutorial: Modules Prolog Database: :- dynamic Name / Arity. E

e Arithmetic: Built-in Atoms Prolog Terms: Built-in Atoms Edit Menu edit End of File End Equality of Terms erase eraseall ERR Files errfile Error Files Error Handler Listener: Syntax Errors Prolog Execution: catch(Goal, Catcher, Recover) and throw(Term) Errors Debugging Your Programs: Checking LSAPI Error Codes Compiler Compiler: Loadtime Errors Listener: Syntax Errors Debugging Your Programs: Tracking Prolog Errors Escape Characters Prolog Terms: Enabling and Disabling Escape Processing Prolog Terms Prolog Terms: Escape Codes Prolog Terms: Using Escape Codes Escape Codes Prolog Terms: Examples Prolog Terms Prolog Terms: Using Escape Codes EXE Files Exit Debugger: Display IDE: File Menu exp expand_term Exponent export Prolog Execution: Complex Goals Compiler: Exporting Predicates Extended Predicates Linker: Libraries Extended Predicates Extended Predicates: Miscellaneous Command-Line Predicates Manipulating Terms: defined(ExtendedPredicate) F

fail Debugger: Box Model Prolog Execution fatal_errors fclose fflush Input and Output: fflush(ID) Input and Output: flush_in and flush_out File Menu Files Extended Predicates: Files and Directories Input and Output: File-Only I / O file_errors Amzi! Runtime Input and Output: fopen(ID, File, Mode) file_exists Find Next Find findall Prolog Execution: Complex Goals Compiler: Hidden Predicates Prolog Execution: findall(Instance, Goal, List) findfiles float Arithmetic: float(X) Manipulating Terms: float(X) Floating Point Numbers Flow-of-Control flush_in flush_out fopen for fread fseek functor fwrite G

Garbage Collection Managing Memory Amzi! Runtime: verbose gc gensym get Input and Output: ! EOF End of File Input and Output: get(Char), get(ID, Char) get0 Input and Output: ! EOF End of File Input and Output: get(Char), get(ID, Char) get1 getdrive get_mode Amzi! Runtime: Modes Runtime and Environment: get_mode(Mode, Value) get_preds Goals Prolog Execution: Backtracking Search Listener: Proving Goals goto Quick Tutorial: Modules Quick Tutorial: Using the Listener H

halt Listener: Exiting Runtime and Environment: abort(Severity) Prolog Execution handle_name Input and Output: I / O by Ids Input and Output: handle_name(Handle, DeviceName) Head Prolog Execution: Clauses Prolog Database: clause(Head, Body) Prolog Database: db_ref(Head, Body, Dbref) Heap Managing Memory: Heap Stack Managing Memory: Stacks and Database Space Runtime and Environment: stack_sizes(Heap, Control, Local, Trail) heapbumper highwater I

I / O by Ids I / O by Streams IDE Quick Tutorial: Consulting a Source File Quick Overview IDE IDE: Interface Compiler: Running from the IDE Linker: Running from the IDE Listener: Running in the IDE Quick Tutorial: Starting the Listener Quick Tutorial: Using Projects if-then import Prolog Execution: Complex Goals Compiler: Importing Predicates Index Infix INI Files Quick Overview Amzi! Runtime: Default INI Values Amzi! Runtime: INI Parameters Amzi! Runtime: Initialization Files Initialization Files Input and Output Input and Output Input and Output: I / O by Ids instance integer Arithmetic: integer(X) Manipulating Terms: integer(X) Integers Prolog Terms Atoms, Lists and Strings: string_integer(String, Integer) Intermixing Interpreted and Compiled Code is Arithmetic Arithmetic: X is Y islist Iteration K

Keyboard Keys Prolog Database Prolog Database: db_ref(Head, Body, Dbref) Prolog Database: eraseall(Key) Prolog Database: erase(DBref) Prolog Database: instance(DBref, Term) Prolog Database: recorda(Key, Term, Dbref) Prolog Database: recorded(Key, Term, Dbref) Prolog Database: recordz(Key, Term, Dbref) L

Latent Expressions Leap Debugger: Box Model Debugger: Example Debugger: Debug Port Options leash Debugger: Box Model Debugger: Example Debugger: Leashing Debug Ports LIB Files Quick Overview Quick Overview: Dynamic Libraries Libraries Quick Overview: Linker Debugging Your Programs: Debugger-Like Output Linker Licensing Link Linker Quick Overview Linker Linker: Libraries Linker: Running from the Command-Line Linker: Running from the IDE Linking list Listener Menu Listener Quick Overview Listener: Proving Goals Runtime and Environment: Special Listener Predicates Quick Tutorial: Starting the Listener Runtime and Environment: quit listing Compiler: Disadvantages Listener: Listing Clauses Quick Tutorial: Using the Listener Prolog Database: listing, listing(Name), listing(Name / Arity) Lists Prolog Terms Manipulating Terms: Term = .. List (univ) Atoms, Lists and Strings: compare_lists(List1, List2, DiffList) Manipulating Terms: islist(X) Atoms, Lists and Strings: is_member(Term, List) is_member is a restricted version of the classic member / 2 predicate (in the LIST.PLM library) than can be used for fast testing if Term is a member of List. It uses a strong unify ( = = ) for testing the element. The definition is equivalent to: is_member(X, [Y|_]) :- X = = Y, ! . is_member(X,[_|Z]) :- is_member(X,Z). Note, is_member cannot be backtracked into. remove_dups(List, NoDupsList) Manipulating Terms: list(X) Atoms, Lists and Strings: sort(List, SortedList) Atoms, Lists and Strings: string_list(String, List) Atoms, Lists and Strings: string_split(String, DelimitersS, List) ln load Listener: Loading Prolog Code Prolog Database: load(FileA), load([F1, F2, ...]) Loading Listener: Loading Prolog Code Compiler: Loadtime Errors loc Local Managing Memory: Stacks and Database Space Runtime and Environment: pro_local(Top, Pos) Runtime and Environment: stack_sizes(Heap, Control, Local, Trail) Log Files logfile Amzi! Runtime: INI Parameters Debugging Your Programs: Tracing LSAPI Calls Logging Debugging Your Programs Debugger long LSAPI Debugging Your Programs: Checking LSAPI Error Codes Debugging Your Programs: Tracking LSAPI Errors Debugging Your Programs: Tracing LSAPI Calls lsGetExceptMsg lsGetExceptReadBuffer lsTermToStr lsxload LSXs M

main Listener: Consulting Files Listener: Executing main / 0 Compiler: Loadtime Errors Compiler: Main Predicate Quick Tutorial: Modules Quick Tutorial: Running a Modular Application Quick Tutorial: Using A4LIS and BAT Files Manipulating Terms maxatoms maxclauses Compiler: Errors Amzi! Runtime: INI Parameters maxmem maxvars member Prolog Terms: Character Lists Compiler: Hidden Predicates Memory Managing Memory: Backtrack Points Managing Memory: Dynamic Database Managing Memory: Heap Stack Managing Memory: Iteration vs. Recursion Managing Memory: Reducing Memory Demands Managing Memory: Stacks and Database Space Messages Miscellaneous DOS Predicates Miscellaneous Predicates mkdir mod Modes Amzi! Runtime Runtime and Environment: Setting Runtime Modes Runtime and Environment: get_mode(Mode, Value) Runtime and Environment: set_mode(Mode, Value) mods modu Modules Quick Tutorial Compiler: Modules Example Quick Tutorial: Running a Modular Application Compiler: Using Modules Modulus Arithmetic: X mods Y Arithmetic: X modu Y Arithmetic: X mod Y move Multiplication N

name Atoms, Lists and Strings: atom_codes(Atom, CharList) Atoms, Lists and Strings: name(Atom, CharList) Natural Language Neck Negative New File New Project nl nllog Debugging Your Programs: Logging Debugger: Logging Input and Output Non-Terminals nonblank_string nonvar nospy nospyall not Prolog Execution: \+ Goal Prolog Execution: not(Goal) number Numbers Prolog Terms: Floating Point Numbers Prolog Terms Manipulating Terms: float(X) Manipulating Terms: integer(X) Manipulating Terms: number(X) Manipulating Terms: short(X) Atoms, Lists and Strings: string_integer(String, Integer) numbervars O

once op Compiler: Latent Expressions Compiler: Operators in Compiled Code Prolog Terms: Predefined Prolog Operators Prolog Terms: op(Precedence, Type, Oper) Open File Open Project openlog Debugging Your Programs: Logging Debugger: Logging Input and Output: openlog(Fname) Operators Prolog Terms: Associativity Prolog Terms Compiler: Operators in Compiled Code Prolog Terms: Precedence Prolog Terms: Predefined Prolog Operators Or P

Packaging Parsing Atoms, Lists and Strings: string_split(String, DelimitersS, List) Atoms, Lists and Strings: string_tokens(String, TokenList), string_tokens(String, TokenList, DelimitersS) Atoms, Lists and Strings: string_trim(String, TrimmedString) Paste pi Arithmetic: Built-in Atoms Prolog Terms: Built-in Atoms PLM Files Quick Overview Linker: Libraries Prolog Database: load(FileA), load([F1, F2, ...]) portray Ports Debugger: Display Debugging Your Programs: Debugger-Like Output Debugger: Debug Port Options Debugger: Leashing Debug Ports Debugger: Logging Postfix Power pp Listener: Listing Clauses Runtime and Environment: Special Listener Predicates Runtime and Environment: pp(Term), user_pp(Term) PPJ Files Quick Overview Projects: Creating a Project Precedence Predicate Summary Predicates Compiler: Complex Predicates Linker: Libraries Compiler: Exporting Predicates Extended Predicates Compiler: Hidden Predicates Compiler: Importing Predicates Compiler: Main Predicate Prolog Database: abolish(Name / Arity), abolish(Name, Arity) Prolog Database: add , [user] Runtime and Environment: add Prolog Database: consult(FileA), consult([F1, F2, ...]), [F1, F2, ...] Prolog Database: :- dynamic Name / Arity. Prolog Database: listing, listing(Name), listing(Name / Arity) Prolog Database: load(FileA), load([F1, F2, ...]) Prolog Database: reconsult(FileA), reconsult([F1, F2, ...]) Prolog Database: replace Prefix Print Preview Print Setup Print PRO Files Quick Overview Quick Tutorial: Consulting a Source File Quick Tutorial: Creating a Source File Prolog Database: consult(FileA), consult([F1, F2, ...]), [F1, F2, ...] Prolog Database: reconsult(FileA), reconsult([F1, F2, ...]) Procedure Flow Projects Projects: Consulting / Loading Projects: Creating a Project Projects: Dialog Box Projects Runtime and Environment: consult_project(ProjectFile) Prolog Database protect_db pro_control pro_db Managing Memory: Dynamic Database Runtime and Environment: pro_db(Allocated, Used) pro_local put Q

quit R

Random Numbers random Arithmetic: Built-in Atoms Prolog Terms: Built-in Atoms Read Errors read Input and Output: ! EOF End of File Prolog Terms: Using Escape Codes Input and Output: read(Term), read(ID, Term) readbuffer readdepth read_string Prolog Terms: Using Escape Codes Input and Output: read_string(String), read_string(ID, String) reconsult Prolog Database: reconsult(FileA), reconsult([F1, F2, ...]) Prolog Database: replace Runtime and Environment: replace reconsult_project record recorda Prolog Database: recorda(Key, Term, Dbref) Prolog Database: record(Key, Term, Dbref) recorded recordz Recursion Redistributable Files Redo Remainder Arithmetic: X mods Y Arithmetic: X modu Y Arithmetic: X mod Y remove_dups rename repeat replace Listener: add Prolog Database Runtime and Environment respkey retract retractall rmdir Rules Run S

Undo Unicode Quick Overview: Amzi ! Runtime Prolog Terms: Atoms Prolog Terms: Character Constants Quick Overview: IDE IDE: Unicode and ASCII Input and Output: fopen(ID, File, Mode) Unification Prolog Execution Manipulating Terms: X = Y Manipulating Terms: X \ = Y univ Unlock User Streams User-Defined Operators user_pp Runtime and Environment: Special Listener Predicates Runtime and Environment: pp(Term), user_pp(Term) user_stream V

var Variables Prolog Terms Manipulating Terms: nonvar(X) Manipulating Terms: numbervars(Term, Start, End) Manipulating Terms: varlist(List) Manipulating Terms: varsof(Term, List) Manipulating Terms: var(X) varlist varsof verbose Amzi! Runtime: INI Parameters Amzi! Runtime version View Menu W

Windows write writelog Debugging Your Programs: Logging Debugger: Logging Input and Output: writelog(X) writeq w_getfiler w_msgbox w_tfmsgbox X

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